According to the ANSES(1) definition, the welfare of an animal is its positive mental and physical state as related to the fulfilment of its physiological and behavioural needs in addition to its expectations. This state can vary depending on the animal's perception of a given situation. This definition is based on the recognition and respect of the five fundamental freedoms outlined by the Farm Animal Welfare Council(2):

• Freedom from hunger and thirst (by ready access to fresh water and a diet to maintain full health and vigour),
  
• Freedom from discomfort (by providing an appropriate environment including shelter and a comfortable resting area),
• Freedom from pain, injury or disease (by prevention or rapid diagnosis and treatment),
  
• Freedom to express natural species-specific behaviour (by providing sufficient space, proper facilities and company of the animal’s own kind),
• Freedom from fear and distress (by ensuring conditions and treatment which avoid mental suffering).

This concept applies throughout the animal's life. The implementation of good practices at the end of its life (e.g. during transport or handling in a slaughterhouse) is rather referred to as ‘animal protection’.

Since 2015, the French Civil Code recognize animals as ‘living, sentient beings’.

(1) Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety
(2) Independent advisory body set up by the UK government in 1979 to assess the welfare of farm animals throughout their lives and make recommendations for improving their conditions.